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Hạ Long Bay (, , literally: "descending dragon bay") is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a popular travel destination, in Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam. Administratively, the bay belongs to Hạ Long City, Cẩm Phả town, and the part of Vân Đồn District. The bay features thousands of limestone karsts and isles in various sizes and shapes. Hạ Long Bay is a center of a larger zone which includes Bái Tử Long bay to the northeast, and Cát Bà islands to the southwest. These larger zones share similar geological, geographical, geomorphological, climate, and cultural characters. Hạ Long Bay has an area of around 1,553 km2, including 1,960–2,000 islets, most of which are limestone. The core of the bay has an area of 334 km2 with a high density of 775 islets.〔(Vịnh Hạ Long. ) Website chính thức của Ủy ban tổ chức Đại lễ Phật đản Liên Hiệp Quốc 2008 〕 The limestone in this bay has gone through 500 million years of formation in different conditions and environments. The evolution of the karst in this bay has taken 20 million years under the impact of the tropical wet climate.〔(''Giá trị địa chất – địa mạo của vịnh Hạ Long.'' ) - Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 〕 The geo-diversity of the environment in the area has created biodiversity, including a tropical evergreen biosystem, oceanic and sea shore biosystem.〔(''Giá trị đa dạng sinh học của vịnh Hạ Long.'' ) - Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 〕 Hạ Long Bay is home to 14 endemic floral species〔(Bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học vịnh Hạ Long" ) - ''Tuổi Trẻ Online''. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 10 năm 2007, 17:26GMT 〕 and 60 endemic faunal species.〔(''Khu văn hóa và lịch sử các đảo vịnh Hạ Long.'' ) - Website Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự Nhiên Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 〕 Historical research surveys have shown the presence of prehistorical human beings in this area tens of thousands years ago. The successive ancient cultures are the Soi Nhụ culture around 18,000–7000 BC, the Cái Bèo culture 7000–5000 BC〔(''Giá trị lịch sử - văn hóa của vịnh Hạ Long.'' ) - Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 〕 and the Hạ Long culture 5,000–3,500 years ago.〔("Có một nền văn hóa Hạ Long" ) - ''Tuổi Trẻ Online'' 〕 Hạ Long Bay also marked important events in the history of Vietnam with many artifacts found in Bài Thơ Mount, Đầu Gỗ Cave, Bãi Cháy.〔 500 years ago, Nguyễn Trãi praised the beauty of Hạ Long Bay in his verse ''Lộ nhập Vân Đồn'', in which he called it "rock wonder in the sky".〔("Từ hơn 500 năm trước, vịnh Hạ Long đã được tôn vinh là kỳ quan" ) - ''Tuổi Trẻ Online'' 〕 In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of North Vietnam listed Hạ Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication.〔(''Vị trí địa lý, khí hậu của vịnh Hạ Long.'' ) - Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 〕 In 1994, the core zone of Hạ Long Bay was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site according to criterion vii, and listed for a second time according to criterion viii.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hạ Long Bay )〕 ==Etymology== The name ''Hạ Long'' is derived from the Sino-Vietnamese 下龍, meaning "descending dragon". Before 19th century, the name Halong Bay had not been recorded in the old books of our country. It has been called An Bang, Luc Thuy, Van Don... Late 19th century, the name Halong Bay has appeared on the Maritime map of France. "Haiphong News" published in French, has reported: " Dragon appears on Halong Bay". The story can be summarized as follows: In 1898, lieutenant Lagoredin captain of Avalangso met a couple of giant sea snake on Halong Bay three times. Not only the lieutenant but also many other sailors saw those species. The European thought that those animals looked like Asian dragon. Maybe the appearance of strange animals led to the name of Quang Ninh sea area today: Halong Bay According to local legend, when Vietnam had just started to develop into a country, they had to fight against invaders. To assist the Vietnamese in defending their country, the gods sent a family of dragons as protectors. This family of dragons began spitting out jewels and jade. These jewels turned into the islands and islets dotting the bay, linking together to form a great wall against the invaders. Under magics, numerous rock mountains abruptly appeared on the sea, ahead of invaders' ships; the forward ships struck the rocks and each other. After winning the battle, the dragons were interested in peaceful sightseeing of the Earth, and then decided to live in this bay. The place where the mother dragon descended was named Hạ Long, the place where the dragon's children attended upon their mother was called Bái Tử Long island (''Bái'': attend upon, ''Tử'': children, ''Long'': dragon), and the place where the dragon's children wriggled their tails violently was called Bạch Long Vỹ island (''Bạch'': white-color of the foam made when Dragon's children wriggled, ''Long'': dragon, ''Vỹ'': tail), present day Trà Cổ peninsula, Móng Cái.〔(Official website of Communist Party of Vietnam - Introduction of Ha Long City )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hạ Long Bay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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